周晓林教授领导的注意与执行控制实验室致力于研究人类大脑信息加工机制,运用巧妙的心理学实验,并结合先进的认知神经科学技术,与国内外科学家并肩努力,揭示人类信息加工之谜。本实验室研究领域包括两大部分,一是人类注意,该研究领域关注的是认知系统对环境中无关信息的抑制和对目标信息的选择性集中。本实验室的研究课题涵盖了人类注意的时间、空间及跨通道分配;视觉、听觉注意返回抑制机制等。另一研究领域为执行控制,执行控制负责对人类多种信息加工机能进行自上而下的主动控制、协调。本实验室重点关注执行控制的认知、神经机制,以及特殊人群的执行功能障碍。
研究方法
1)认知行为实验
2)事件相关电位实验
3)功能性核磁共振实验
4)眼球运动追踪实验
主要研究方向:
1) 视觉搜索(visual search)
视觉搜索任务要求被试在众多视觉刺激中搜索目标刺激,是研究注意在空间维度上分配规律的最常用手段。视觉搜索的行为与认识神经研究有助于揭示人类认知系统并行、串行加工机制,并为计算机模拟和人工智能研究提供实验依据。本实验室运用视觉搜索实验范式对知觉负载、多维度信息加工、西蒙效应、老年痴呆患者的视觉搜索能力等课题进行了探讨,取得多项有趣的研究成果。
2) 注意瞬脱(attentional blink)
注意瞬脱指的是在快速系列呈现(rapid serial visual presentation, RSVP)任务中,被试较难正确报告呈现在第一个目标刺激后200~500ms之间出现的第二个目标刺激的现象,这一现象反映了人类注意分配在时间维度上的局限性。自注意瞬脱想象发现之日起,其发生机制一直是学界争论的焦点。本实验室亦致力于这一课题的研究,尝试从全新的角度揭示注意瞬脱的发生机制,并已取得阶段性成果。
3) 跨通道认知(cross-modal cognition)
跨通道认知研究关注不同感觉通道信息加工之间的联结规律。跨通道感觉整合及相应的大脑可塑性是当前跨通道认知神经研究的热点,此类课题的研究可以帮助人们了解大脑在面对多通道、大跨度信息输入时的工作机制。本实验室关注跨通道研究中视觉、听觉和触觉等感觉整合的认知神经机制。
4) 返回抑制(inhibition of return)
返回抑制指的是在注意一个刺激后500~3000ms间对相同刺激或相同刺激位置的探测速度和准确率下降的现象,其研究通常使用线索—反应范式(cue-response paradigm)。心理学家认为返回抑制现象反映人类认知系统对新异刺激具有与生俱来的注意偏向。该现象的发现引起学界浓厚的研究兴趣,一方面,研究者希望更全面的了解返回抑制,另一方面,返回抑制作为一个十分稳定的注意现象成为研究众多认知心理学课题的实验范式。本实验室对视觉、听觉注意返回抑制及其在特殊人群上的表现做了深入的研究,成果丰硕。
5) 执行控制(executive function)
执行控制研究关注认知系统如何控制和管理其它认知过程,它是一个涉及认知灵活性、抽象思维、计划与决策,等等众多课题的概念。本实验室重点通过语言加工、工作记忆更新、空间注意等课题对执行功能的认知、神经机制进行研究。
研究队伍:
博士后:张德玄
博士生:岳珍珠,魏萍,陈曦
硕士生:位学鑫
本科生:于宏波,龚兰蕴
已网成员:王勇慧,陈骐,王凌,徐晓坤,罗琳琳,邵丽萍,徐岩
主要研究成果
Zhang, D., Zhou, X., & Martens, S. (2009). The impact of negative attentional set upon target processing in RSVP: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia.
Yue, Z., Bischof, G.-N., Zhou, X., Spence, C., & Röder, B. (2009). Spatial attention affects the processing of tactile and visual stimuli presented at the tip of a tool: an event-related potential study. Experimental Brain Research, 193, 119–128.
Wei, P., Müller, H.J., Pollmann, S., Zhou, X. (2009). Neural basis of interaction between target presence and display homogeneity in visual search: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 45, 993-1001.
Wei, P., Müller, H., Lü, J., & Zhou, X. (2008). Searching for two feature singletons in the visual scene: The localized attentional interference effect. Experimental Brain Research, 185, 175-188.
Zhou, X., & Chen, Q. (2008). Neural correlates of spatial and non-spatial inhibition of return (IOR) in attentional orienting. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2766-2775.
Ye, Z., & Zhou, X. (2008). Involvement of cognitive control in sentence comprehension: Evidence from ERPs. Brain Research, 1203, 103-115.
Yue, Z., Zhang, M., & Zhou, X. (2008). Updating verbal and visuospatial working memory: Are the processes parallel? Chinese Science Bulletin, 53, 2175-2185.
Cao, Q., Zang, Y., Zhu, C., Cao, X., Sun, L., Zhou, X., & Wang, Y. (2008) Alerting deficits in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Event-related fMRI evidence. Brain Research, 1219, 159-168.
Zhang, D., Shao, L., Nieuwenstein, M., & Zhou, X. (2008). Top-down Control is not lost in the attentional blink: Evidence from intact endogenous cuing. Experimental Brain Research, 185, 287-295.
Zhang, D., Shao, L., & Zhou, X. (2007). Opening the attentional window in attentional blink: An attentional cueing study. Progress in Natural Science, 17(13), 39-46.
Chen, Q., Zhang, M., & Zhou, X. (2007). Interaction between Location- and Frequency-based Inhibition of Return (IOR) in Human Auditory System. Experimental Brain Research, 176, 630-640.
Zhang, D., Zhou, X., di Pellegrino, G., & Ladavas, E. (2007). Spatial coding for the Simon effect in visual search. Experimental Brain Research, 176, 616-629.
Wei, P., & Zhou, X. (2006). Processing multidimensional objects under different perceptual loads: The priority of bottom-up perceptual saliency. Brain Research, 1114: 113-124.
Chen, Q., Wei, P., & Zhou, X. (2006). Distinct neural correlates for resolving Stroop conflict at inhibited and non-inhibited locations in inhibition of return (IOR). Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1937-1946.
Zhou, X., Chu, H., Li, X., & Zhan, Y. (2006). Center of mass attracts attention. Neuroreport, 17, 85-88.
Chen, Q., Zhang, M., & Zhou, X. (2006). Effects of spatial distribution of attention during inhibition of return (IOR) on flanker interference in hearing and congenitally deaf people. Brain Research, 1109, 117-127.
Chen, Q., Zhang, M., & Zhou, X. (2006). Spatial and nonspatial peripheral auditory processing in congenitally blind people. Neuroreport, 17, 1449-1452,
Liu, X., Qian, M., Zhou, X., & Wang, A. (2006). Repeating the stimulus exposure to investigate what happens after initial selective attention to threatening pictures. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1007-1016.
Hao, J. Li, K., Li, K., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Yang, Y., Yan, B., Shan, B., & Zhou, X. (2005). Visual attention deficits in Alzheimer’s disease: An fMRI study. Neuroscience Letters, 385, 18–23.